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| death_place = San Francisco, California | party = Republican 〔http://www.safeschoolscoalition.org/HarveyMilkDay/Biography.html〕 Democratic | residence = San Francisco | alma_mater = University at Albany | profession = Politician, business owner | religion = Judaism |allegiance = |branch = |serviceyears = 1951–1955 |rank = 10px Lieutenant, junior grade |unit = USS ''Kittiwake'' (ASR-13) |battles = |awards= 2009 (posthumously) }} Harvey Bernard Milk (May 22, 1930 – November 27, 1978) was an American politician who became the first openly gay person to be elected to public office in California, when he won a seat on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. Politics and gay activism were not his early interests; he was not open about his homosexuality and did not participate in civic matters until around the age of 40, after his experiences in the counterculture of the 1960s. Milk moved from New York City to settle in San Francisco in 1972 amid a migration of gay men to the Castro District. He took advantage of the growing political and economic power of the neighborhood to promote his interests, and ran unsuccessfully for political office three times. His theatrical campaigns earned him increasing popularity, and Milk won a seat as a city supervisor in 1977. Milk served almost 11 months in office and was responsible for passing a stringent gay rights ordinance for the city. On November 27, 1978, Milk and Mayor George Moscone were assassinated by Dan White, another city supervisor who had recently resigned but wanted his job back. Milk's election was made possible by and was a key component of a shift in San Francisco politics. Despite his short career in politics, Milk became an icon in San Francisco and a martyr in the gay community.〔Milk was described as a martyr by news outlets as early as 1979, by biographer Randy Shilts in 1982, and University of San Francisco professor Peter Novak in 2003. United Press International (15, 1979 ); printed in the ''Edmonton Journal'', p. B10; Skelton, Nancy; Stein, Mark (22, 1985 ). (S.F. Assassin Dan White Kills Himself ), ''Los Angeles Times'', Retrieved on February 3, 2012.; Shilts, p. 348; Nolte, Carl (26, 2003 ). "City Hall Slayings: 25 Years Later", ''The San Francisco Chronicle'', p. A-1.〕 In 2002, Milk was called "the most famous and most significantly open LGBT official ever elected in the United States".〔Smith and Haider-Markel, p. 204.〕 Anne Kronenberg, his final campaign manager, wrote of him: "What set Harvey apart from you or me was that he was a visionary. He imagined a righteous world inside his head and then he set about to create it for real, for all of us."〔Leyland, p. 37.〕 Milk was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009. == Early life == Milk was born in Woodmere, New York, to William Milk and Minerva Karns. He was the younger son of Lithuanian Jewish parents and the grandson of Morris Milk, a department store owner〔〔 who helped to organize the first synagogue in the area.〔Shilts, p. 4.〕 As a child, Harvey was teased for his protruding ears, big nose, and oversized feet, and tended to grab attention as a class clown. He played football in school, and developed a passion for opera; in his teens, he acknowledged his homosexuality to himself, but kept it a closely guarded secret. Under his name in the high school yearbook, it read, "Glimpy Milk—and they say WOMEN are never at a loss for words".〔Shilts, p. 9.〕 Milk graduated from Bay Shore High School in Bay Shore, New York, in 1947 and attended New York State College for Teachers in Albany (now the State University of New York at Albany) from 1947 to 1951, majoring in mathematics. He also wrote for the college newspaper. One classmate remembered, "He was never thought of as a possible queer—that's what you called them then—he was a man's man".〔Shilts, p. 14.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Harvey Milk」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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